Plaza Mayor: The Cobblestone Stage of Kings and Inquisitors

Why is it significant?

Pass beneath the shadowy granite arches of the Arco de Cuchilleros and step out into the vast, red-ochre expanse of Plaza Mayor.

Key Facts

Listen · 1:19

Pass beneath the shadowy granite arches of the Arco de Cuchilleros and step out into the vast, red-ochre expanse of Plaza Mayor. Enclosed by two hundred and thirty-seven wrought-iron balconies and crowned by slate spires, this cobblestone arena has witnessed four centuries of bullfights, royal coronations, trials of the Spanish Inquisition, and bustling holiday markets. Inaugurated in sixteen twenty under King Philip the Third, whose bronze equestrian statue presides over the square, the plaza was designed by Juan Gómez de Mora as the grand communal theater of Madrid. Look at the Casa de la Panadería on the northern side: its facade is covered with vibrant frescoes of mythological gods and goddesses painted in nineteen ninety-two by artist Carlos Franco. Look down at the steep steps of the Arco de Cuchilleros: it takes its name from the Guild of Cutlers who forged steel daggers and carving knives for the butchers operating in the meat market below. Walk through the western exit to the cast-iron glass halls of Mercado de San Miguel.